Two incredibly thin, high-resolution displays-brighter and larger than before-open to one expansive view with a revolutionary hinge, enabling countless ways to be productive. See it all instantly on the spine as it lights up with color indicators, icons, and more. The Microsoft Surface Duo 2 uses the Qualcomm Snapdragon 888. And, plug in to check battery life while charging. Get notified of incoming calls and important messages. Rest easy knowing that you’re working with an Android Enterprise Recommended device. Microsoft security is built in, and modern management keeps you in control. Pair Surface Duo 2 with Surface Slim Pen 2 for next-level note-taking on the go. Jot down ideas, sign your name, and markup files in Microsoft 365 apps. Run a Microsoft Teams meeting from a device that fits in the palm of your hand, with access to full desktop functionality. See your colleagues on video and view the presentation simultaneously. An Outstanding Microsoft Teams Experience Instant, Anywhere Productivity Powered By 5gĬollaborate with colleagues, securely access important data, and get essential tasks done wherever you are with Microsoft 365 productivity apps, OneDrive cloud storage and file sharing, and intelligent cloud services. Pull data from Power BI, meet in Microsoft Teams, and consult on a Dynamics 365 Remote Assist video call. Get done what matters in the moment with cloud-first Microsoft 365 apps and 5G connectivity. Say goodbye to app switching on one screen. Qualcomm Snapdragon 888: Qualcomm Snapdragon 855. Grab an image from a OneDrive folder and add it to a PowerPoint slide, side by side. Heres our comparison between the Microsoft Surface Duo and Microsoft Surface Duo 2. Open and view different apps on each screen to reference and compare content. Big upgrade for Samsung Galaxy S24 Series: All you need to know. The Ultimate Tech Upgrade: The Nothing Phone 2: Features & Price. Most affordable snapdragon 8+ gen 1 smartphone. With two screens you can work in Microsoft 365 apps side by side, compare and contrast content, and naturally write on screen. Microsoft Surface Duo 2 price in India starts at Rs. Talk: up to 1680 min ¦ Playback (local video): up to 15.Communicate, collaborate, and do everything better in 5G. Night mode, Auto mode, low-light shots, Panorama mode with wide dynamic range, slow motion video at 120 or 240fpsġ920 x 1080 (1080p) at 30 fps, 1920 x 1080 (1080p) at 60 fps, 3840 x 2160 (4K) at 30 fps, 3840 x 2160 (4K) at 60 fpsĭual Pixel Phase Detect Auto-Focus (PDAF), Smooth Zoom, HEVC (High Efficiency Video coding), HDR video recording, multi-frame photo capture, dynamic range scene detectionĬorning Gorilla Glass Victus (scratch resistant glass)ĭanish, English, German, French, Italian, Norwegian, Polish, Finnish, Swedish, Spanish, Dutch, Japanese, UK English, US English, Australian English, French Canadian, Spanish (US), English (United States), English (Canada)ĭCI-P3 Wide colour gamut, 100% sRGB, Dual PixelSense Fusion Displays Qualcomm aptX HD audio, Qualcomm aptX Classic MKV, FLV, AVI, MOV, MPEG-4, WMV, ASF, 3GP, H.264, TS, M2TS, WebM, HEVC, 3G2, HEIF, H.265 HEVC, HEIC WAV, AAC, AMR, MP3, FLAC, OGG, MIDI, M4A, apt-X, IMY, RTX, OTA, MID, TWS, RTTL MIMO technology, Fast Charging, dual battery, Full Duplex communication, dual microphones with AI-based noise suppression and acoustic echo cancellation Hall sensor, Time of Flight (ToF), dual accelerometers, dual gyroscope, dual magnetometer, dual ambient light sensor, dual proximity sensor
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Rypien didn't play until the fourth quarter, but completed all four of his pass attempts. O'Connell went 11 of 18 and looked sharp against the Rams' lowest-tier defensive players.īennett and Tyler Johnson badly miscommunicated to create an easy pick-6 for Pola-Mao, the former USC safety who joined the Raiders as an undrafted free agent last year.īennett got more action than Brett Rypien, his competitor for the backup spot behind Matthew Stafford. He went 12 of 22 for 144 yards, but underthrew tight end Michael Mayer on Hummel’s pick-6. Hoyer, the 37-year-old veteran of nine NFL franchises, has played sparingly in the NFL over the past five seasons. Hoyer might have some competition from Aidan O'Connell: The Raiders' fourth-round pick from Purdue played the second half and passed for 163 yards while throwing TD passes to Cam Sims and Kristian Wilkerson on back-to-back drives. Rams linebacker Jacob Hummel returned an interception 21 yards for a touchdown in the second quarter on a similarly poor throw by Brian Hoyer, the presumptive backup to Garoppolo. “There was times where it did slow down for me, and there was times when it was going fast.” “Some good learning opportunities and some good bounce-back, but there's definitely some moments that I've got to improve on,” Bennett said. The two-time national champion at Georgia made several sharp throws, but also several mistakes - none bigger than the massive miscommunication with Tyler Johnson that led to a 50-yard interception return for a touchdown by Raiders safety Isaiah Pola-Mao in the second quarter. Stetson Bennett went 15 of 24 for 142 yards and rushed for a touchdown while playing the first three quarters for the Rams (0-2). “We just felt like with the number of new faces, the number of guys that were basically going to play their first regular season game together, that we’d like to go ahead and get that feeling you have in your stomach on a normal game day in the regular season.” “You always go through that conversation in your head every year," McDaniels said. Even star receiver Davante Adams played on the opening drive, although Garoppolo didn't target him. McDaniels didn't reveal his plan for his starters before the game, but most of the Raiders' probable key contributors got some action at SoFi Stadium. It’s always good to get that out of the way, and some of the anxiety about how it feels, because you haven’t done it in a long time.” “I think every quarterback or player that touches the football that knows once the regular season comes, they’re live bait,” McDaniels said. Given Garoppolo's injury history and the importance of his health this season, McDaniels thought it beneficial for his quarterback to get back into the groove. 4, when he incurred a season-ending foot injury in Miami before Brock Purdy led San Francisco to a victory and quickly became a rising star. The game was Garoppolo's first action since last Dec. Guys were operating at a fast pace, which is important in this offense.” I wanted to play, so I’m glad Josh let the starters get out there and get a couple of reps in. “It’s the little things that we’re trying to work on, and I thought the guys played well tonight. “Felt good just to knock some of the rust off, get in the game flow with some of the guys,” Garoppolo said. The 10-year veteran has beaten the Rams more often than any quarterback during Sean McVay's career, and Garoppolo didn't make a significant mistake while leading a comfortable drive ending in Brandon Bolden's 7-yard TD run. Garoppolo played only the opening series for the Raiders (2-0), who signed the longtime 49ers quarterback in March as their replacement for Derek Carr. Garoppolo completed all four of his passes for 39 yards while leading a touchdown drive in his Raiders debut, and Las Vegas went on to a 34-17 victory over the Los Angeles Rams on Saturday night. Unlike Sean McVay, the Raiders' quarterback and head coach think the preseason is worth the risk of a few hits. Jimmy Garoppolo wanted a chance to lead the Las Vegas Raiders before the games that count, and Josh McDaniels was happy to give it to him. Jimmy Garoppolo looks sharp in his Raiders debut, and Vegas beats the Rams 34-17 Now you should test all features of the Camera app to see if anything is broken or working perfectly when satisfied you can then start customizing and testing all the features that are added by app modder in the settings tab.Once downloaded, install the app on your phone.If you feel confused which version to download then you can go to the page Links/Groups and find the stable version of Google Camera for your phone and model number.Download APK from stable versions (Latest Version right now 7.3)Ĭurrent I am personally using Urnyx’s 7.3 v2.2.Here is how to Downlaod latest Google Camera apk There are almost 50+ Modders and developers work on Google Camera mods, every mod has limited time and resource (Mobile phones to test) so don’t feel sad if first Google Camera APK doesn’t work with your phone try another one. Pre Shot – Pre-shots are few seconds video clips are saved when you take still pictures, these pre shots make your still pictures more personal as you will be able to see few seconds of that moment if you press and hold the picture in Google Photos app or any other supported gallery app.ĭon’t download Google Camera app (.apk) from any unknown websites, only download from trusted places like XDA Developers and.Google Camera uses its algorithm to make background blur and make your portraits dope.□ Portrait Mode – The portrait mode is one of the main features that stand out when you use this on a phone that doesn’t have a dedicated camera for depth sensing.Time Lapse – Take great time-lapse shots even 4K time-lapse if your phone support it.Slow Motion – You better use your phones high frame rate and make an awesome slow-motion videos.
Supply chain finance is often utilized when a buyer doesn’t have a surplus of cash available and wants to optimize working capital by extending payment terms. The buyer is then responsible for paying the invoice amount (plus a fee) back to the third-party institution according to the payment terms (e.g., net 60). But instead of receiving the payment directly from the buyer, payment is remitted by the bank or other third-party. What that means is that a supplier receives the payment for an invoice as soon as it has been approved by the buyer. In this model, also called reverse factoring, a bank or other third-party financing provider pre-finances supplier invoices. What Is Supply Chain Finance?Īs opposed to dynamic discounting which is funded by a buyer’s excess cash, supply chain finance (SCF) involves a third-party financing provider. But before rushing into a dynamic discounting agreement, it’s important for suppliers to assess their financial soundness to first ensure that they can afford to do so. Many suppliers, especially SMEs, do this willingly-it’s more important for them to lower DSO and increase cash on hand if they want to invest in growing their business. However, by participating in a dynamic discounting scheme, suppliers agree to reduce their prices and take a slight hit on their own profitability as a result. Overall, dynamic discounting is a low-risk financing option for buyers that want to boost profitability and give their suppliers the benefit of early payments. Enhanced flexibility. Suppliers decide which invoices are eligible for dynamic discounting.Improved financial forecasting. Suppliers decide when they want to get paid and can better predict future cash flow as a result.Optimized working capital. Dynamic discounting lowers DSO and increases cash on hand.Pros: Dynamic Discounting Benefits for Suppliers: Improved relationships with suppliers. They also reap some dynamic discounting benefits!.Automated early payments. With an EDI or e-invoicing solution, buyers ensure that they never miss a payment and always receive the discount.Strengthened supply chain. Early payments increase flexibility and reduce the likelihood of any disruptions.Optimized working capital.More cash is brought into circulation.Low risk. Investments are funded by excess cash.Increased profitability. Early payment discounts on goods and/or services often provide a larger return than potential interest earned.Pros: Dynamic Discounting Benefits for Buyers: That being said, if the buyer has an abundance of cash, dynamic discounting can be a viable solution to boost profitability on cash that would otherwise be earning (minimal) interest. To clarify, the buyer should not participate in dynamic discounting if the only cash available to them is being used to fund other strategic transformation and financial initiatives (i.e., debt settlement). In order to pay the invoice early, the buyer needs to have cash on hand that is generating little to no return. The agreement isn’t static and is subject to change at the suppliers’ own discretion. Suppliers chooses which invoices are eligible for an early payment discount and which are not. The discount is often a percentage of the full invoice (i.e., 5%), and the amount typically depends on how quickly the payment is made.Īs opposed to more traditional early payment discounts, dynamic discounting is applied on an invoice-by-invoice basis. What Is Dynamic Discounting?ĭynamic discounting is when a supplier agrees to give a buyer a discount on goods and/or services purchased if the invoice is paid early. In utilizing one (or both) methods, buyers and suppliers can achieve their goals despite conflicting motives. That’s because, in order for suppliers to optimize working capital, they need to lower their days sales outstanding (DSO).įortunately, there are two possible financing methods that have the potential to result in a win-win for both parties: dynamic discounting and supply chain finance. That’s the exact opposite of what suppliers are trying to do, however. But let’s be honest: They’re probably trying to increase it. So even if they’re sitting on a pile of cash, there’s not really any reason for them to send the payment early unless their goal is to reduce their days payable outstanding (DPO). In other words, they want to spend their money on the things that can have the most impact on their business, say, digital transformation. So what’s the holdup?ĩ times out of 10, buyers remit payments at the last minute to optimize working capital. Oddly enough, buyers typically wait until the due date to remit their payment. When it comes to paying off an invoice in a business-to-business (B2B) transaction, the sooner the better for all parties involved. Make Low Lying Fog Juice: Ground Fog Guide It is also easy to prepare, so you can quickly set up your fog machine. Making your own low-lying fog juice also means it is readily available for you whenever you want it. Furthermore, some low-lying fog fluids are not sold in certain countries (due to local laws). Store-bought low-lying fog juice can be expensive and may also contain unwanted ingredients, such as dyes and artificial additives, which can irritate the skin. You can make it with readily available materials such as distilled water and store-bought glycerine. Making low-lying fog fluid at home is a cheaper option than buying it. It can give a great atmospheric effect to your Halloween party or wedding pictures. Low-lying fog stays around longer than regular fog and is often used in theatrical performances, concerts, music videos, haunted attractions, and even home movies. It is typically used for low-lying atmospheric effects, such as fog creeping across the ground. Unlike regular fog, this type of fog is often denser, thicker, and more viscous. Low-lying fog refers to the fog/mist that remains on the ground or a few inches above the ground once it is emitted from a fog machine. Maintaining Your Fogger after Making a Low Lying Fog Juice.Tip: Make any fogger into a low-lying fogger without a chiller.Steps by step guide of making a chiller.How to Make Low-Lying Fog with Any Fogger.Make Low Lying Fog Juice: Ground Fog Guide.Furthermore, your lungs will work better and your general fitness will improve. When you replace smoking tobacco with vaping, you will in a very short time experience that your sense of taste and smell improves significantly. You can also wave goodbye to discoloured teeth, clothes that smell of tobacco smoke and bad cigarette breath. Other benefits of replacing normal cigarettes with electronic cigarettes are that you avoid many of the toxic substances that are found in tobacco cigarettes. You can then gradually choose to use an e-liquid with a lower nicotine content, until you are finally completely free of your nicotine addiction. Therefore, you can initially choose a liquid with the same nicotine strength as a normal cigarette. The e-liquids are available in different nicotine strengths. If you want to reduce your consumption of nicotine, an e-cigarette gives you the option of exactly controlling how much of it you consume. Or maybe you just have a desire to try to reduce your consumption of cigarettes. Maybe you have been a smoker for many years and now want to stop smoking completely. When vaping, you get an authentic alternative to normal smoking. It’s a good way to quit or reduce smoking This results in a larger amount of vapour. If you choose to vape sub ohm, be aware that the lower the ohm, the higher the watt used. Vaping also offers more advanced equipment and it provides an opportunity to play and experiment with different setups. Many seasoned vapers opt for a sub ohm kit to try something new when vaping. Sub ohm vaping simply means that you are vaping with a coil that is below 1.0 ohm. If you want even more vapor and larger smoke clouds, you can use a sub ohm model. The liquid also contains nicotine in different concentrations. Among others, you can choose between flavours of tobacco, menthol, liquorice, fruit and many others. The liquid also contains aromas and flavours. These two substances help to give your e-cigarette the familiar and rich vapour. All e-liquids contain propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerine (VG). In order to use your e-cigarette, you need one of the many e-liquids or e-juices that you can find in our web shop. In fact, you can save up to 80% on the cost of regular cigarettes. You can save a lot of money if you choose to replace your cigarettes with an e-cigarette model. The e-cigarette is much cheaper, but also much healthier than a regular cigarette. There are great benefits to using an electronic cigarette, rather than smoking a regular cigarette with tobacco. The liquid is called e-liquid or e-juice, and contains both the desired amount of nicotine and an aroma, which you can taste when you vape. When the e-cigarette is lit, the liquid in the small container / tank is heated. As an alternative to the regular cigarettes with tobacco, they have become quite popular with many smokers.Īn e-cigarette (e-cigs or electronic cigarettes) consists of three parts. E-cigarettes are relatively new on the market. Shane is frequently joined on the show by his wife, who is frequently his co-star. Michelle Oakley is a popular veterinarian on Nat Geo Wild because she specializes in animal care. Whether you’re a casual driver or a serious racer, Shane and his team can help you get the most out of your car.ĭr. They also offer trackside support for those who want to take their racing to the next level. Shane and his team offer a wide range of services, from simple maintenance and repairs to complete engine and suspension upgrades. He has been involved in the automotive industry for over 20 years and has a passion for helping others improve their vehicles. Shane Oakley is a former professional racecar driver who now owns and operates a successful automotive performance shop. Maya has not posted to her profile in two weeks. Her ability to travel to Alaska indicates that she is in good health. She’s been a vocal supporter of the Black Lives Matter movement on social media. Her net worth is estimated to be between $200k and $2m. Maya also posts her breathtaking photographs on Instagram. Sierra and her sister are both featured on their mother’s show, Dr. Her dream since childhood has been to study veterinary medicine in the same way that her mother did. Michelle Oakley, a well-known veterinarian. Maya is a veterinarian and TV personality who was the daughter of Dr. Maya is also a strong supporter of the Minnesota Freedom Fund, which raises funds for the bail fund by raising awareness and funds. Her mother is a well-known veterinarian and television show actress, the daughter of Dr. Maya Oakley, an actress and veterinarian, works as an Instagram influencer, television show actress, and veterinarian. Oakley, the Yukon Veterinary television show. Maya works as a veterinarian assistant in Dr. Oakley has a lot of experience in animal care and frequently assists her mother at her animal clinic, so she knows a lot about it. A veterinarian’s license does not exist for the television personality. In terms of its health, it is not yet a vet. Season 10 (2021) of Yukon Vet Online is now available on TV Guide. Sierra, 21, plans to study veterinary medicine at Yukon College, and Maya, 19, will study criminal justice at UNC Charlotte. The older girls, now attending Canadian colleges, appear to be doing well. They married in December 1992 in southwest Yukon. Michelle’s husband is Shane Oakley, a firefighter and Conservation Officer. The eighth season is scheduled to premiere in 2020, with the show returning for a ninth season on April 4, 2014. Oakley went on to earn a degree in Veterinary Sciences from the Atlantic Veterinary College in Prince Edward Island, Canada. After completing his internship at the Calgary Zoo, Dr. Sierra will be able to complete her pre-med degree and go on to pursue a career as a veterinarian once she has completed the pre-med program. Sierra is a graduate of the Veterinary Technician program at Penn Foster College, and is currently working towards becoming a Registered Veterinary Technician in the state of California. She has a passion for animal care and welfare, and enjoys helping people care for their pets. Sierra Oakley is a certified Veterinary Technician who has been working in the veterinary field for over 5 years. Slowing down and taking her time allows the work to last in deeply meaningful ways. In her 25-year recording career, she could easily have released more than five albums but she has long realized what many of us are just realizing now. Her boundary-pushing musicality mesmerize listeners and music critics alike. We can be inspired by her push for excellence without being seduced by greed. As Christians, we can learn a lot from Fiona Apple’s ability to see the world in a clear way and empathize with those around her. Her GarageBand was used for much of this recording, and Fiona Apple admitted that the albums unedited vocals and long takes were due to her lack of. Her responses to suffering are not shallow or simplistic. Ironically, in this time of fear and uncertainty, she is one of the few artists offering authentic encouragement. Fiona Apple is often caricatured as a sad eccentric artist capable of only exploring pain and sadness. Most surprisingly, Fetch the Bolt Cutters offers listeners hope for freedom. Themes like these are rare in popular culture as they go to a depth some listeners may not understand. Rack of His and Newspapers consider the confusing relationships between women who are the ex-girlfriends of the same guy. The song Shameika rewinds to Fiona Apple’s middle school experience, repeating words of a classmate that Fiona Apple remembers clearly decades later. Fetch The Bolt Cutters will have the listener curious on the first, tenth, and hundredth listen.įiona Apple unpacks parts of the human experience that are often ignored in popular culture. She layers sound after sound until the song is a tapestry of rhythm and voice. Fiona Apple engineered most of the recording herself using the free software Garageband. Rhythm pulses through each song with unusual percussive sounds made with items found around her house. The voice of Fiona Apple takes center stage with her boundary-pushing voice expertly crafting rawness, gentleness, ugliness, and beauty. What immediately jumps out on Fetch the Bolt Cutters is its unique musicality. Fiona Apple captures parts of humanity that often are ignored by popular culture and weaves the theme of hope for freedom through it all. Fetch The Bolt Cutters provides a fresh sound to our tired ears of 2020. The Guardian exclaims her new music is “a sudden glorious eruption.” Pitchfork shouts “a n unyielding masterpiece!” The Boston Globe gushes it is “a thrill ride.” And NME asserts it to be “a visceral listening experience.” In the midst of a pandemic, Fiona Apple quietly released an album for the benefit of those in self-isolation while also avoiding stressful press interviews. Reviews for the album Fetch The Bolt Cutters by Fiona Apple sound like a blockbuster film. “Evil is a relay sport when the one who is burned turns to pass the torch.” – Relay Simply said, Mount Erebus provides an ideal proxy for the study of volcanoes relatively simple mechanisms drive rare, accessible and spectaculars geological features. Tephra stratigraphy is consistent with Ross' observations and further suggests that the volcano's geological history is marked by explosive eruption events and is further reflected in the concentric caldera patterns. Upon the discovery of the Erebus volcano by Ross and his crew in 1847, reports describe an explosive eruption. The lithology points to a three stage building process: the shield building stage where the mantle plume would have been protruding the crust, a cone building stage where evolved lavas would have formed the flanks of the volcano and finally a marked increased lava forming stage forming the bulk of mount Erebus. Seismic velocity surveys suggest a thick layer (~5 km) of solidified phonolitic lava flows overlying cenozoic sediments and a basaltic basement. The surface geology of the volcano is almost entirely phonolitic anorthoclase. The age of the plume correlates both temporally and spatially with the Terror rift (see side note). Ross island itself is on the extensional rifting margin of the West Antarctic Plate, the north eastern terminus of Terror ridge. To the south, geological similarities suggests that brown peninsula would also have been a the product of the hypothesized Erebus hotspot. They all are though to be the product of crust thinning overlying a strong thermal anomaly and are consistent with a hotspot/mantle plume model. Mount Erebus, Antarctica s most active volcano, is. The standard cosmology of Greek myth comes from. He is the son of Chaos, who is also the mother of Erebus’s wife, Nyx, the personification of night. Erebus is one of the primordial beings in the Greek creation myth. The volcano and its neighbouring mountains, mount Bird to the north and mount Terror to the east, all reside on Ross Island. Erebus, also spelled Erebos, in Greek religion, the god of a dark region of the underworld and the personification of darkness. Cameras, microphones, seismic equipment as well as scientists from a wide range of fields all monitor mount Erebus. It has thus been subject of extensive research. Furthermore, irony has it, it is relatively easy to access. It's a popular backpacking destination in summer and fall due to trout fishing and some spectacular camping spots on (or near) the several high mountain ponds. It's wooded summit tops out at 2527', second in height to neighboring Black Mountain (2665') in this range. It is notable for its persistent convecting lava lakes with Strombolian eruptions projecting bombs up to 10 m in diameter in the last decades and its size -at 3794 m above sea level and ~200km km^3 in volume, it is among the largest volcanoes of the world . Erebus sits in the Eastern Adirondacks, overlooking Lake George. Mount Erebus is an alkaline stratovolcano just off the shore of the Antarctic main land (77 33'S, 167 10'E). Please remember it can take some time for your bank or credit card company to process and post the refund too. If approved, you’ll be automatically refunded on your original payment method. We will notify you once we’ve received and inspected your return, and let you know if the refund was approved or not. A list of the most played MTG Pioneer Sacrifice cards sorted by their popularity including their play trend. The fastest way to ensure you get what you want is to return the item you have, and once the return is accepted, make a separate purchase for the new item. Unfortunately, we cannot accept returns on sale items or gift cards. Please get in touch if you have questions or concerns about your specific item. We also do not accept returns for hazardous materials, flammable liquids, or gases. See cards from the most recent sets and discover what players just like you are saying about them. Browse through cards from Magic's entire history. Search for the perfect addition to your deck. Please inspect your order upon reception and contact us immediately if the item is defective, damaged or if you receive the wrong item, so that we can evaluate the issue and make it right.Ĭertain types of items cannot be returned, like perishable goods (such as food, flowers, or plants), custom products (such as special orders or personalized items), and personal care goods (such as beauty products). Hidden Stockpile Gatherer is the Magic Card Database. You can always contact us for any return question at Campbelltown and issues Items sent back to us without first requesting a return will not be accepted. To start a return, you can contact us at Campbelltown If your return is accepted, we’ll send you a return shipping label, as well as instructions on how and where to send your package. Similar, less janky, contenders for the slot could be Lost Legacy or Stain the Mind. You’ll also need the receipt or proof of purchase. Note: Sideboard has 16 cards atm while I decide whether Haunting Echoes could potentially be hot tech or if it's just jank trash, lol. To be eligible for a return, your item must be in the same condition that you received it, unworn or unused, with tags, and in its original packaging. We have a 30-day return policy, which means you have 30 days after receiving your item to request a return. To check the accuracy of the compensation determined by the automated compensation tool, I applied the compensation matrix to the same file and checked 5 plots. The whole dim/low-expressing population of cells, avoiding the bright/high-expressing cells.The entire positive population of cells, including dim and bright cells.The whole bright/high-expressing population of the positive cells, assuming this control has a bright population and a dim population.The most positive (brightest) of the positive cells, which cuts through a high-expressing population and would never be used for analysis.I tested four different gate positions (Figure 2): To demonstrate the effect of gate placement I’m using FlowJo’s automated compensation tool, though this should be applicable to any comparable software. Thus, the accuracy of the compensation is dependent on a subjective gate placement. The flaw of automated compensation tools is that the user usually determines where to set the MFI for each population by placing gates on the positive and negative populations. Compensation determined to be correct when the median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of the positive population is in line with the MFI of the negative population (Figure 1). Setting Up the Automated Compensation Toolīefore I discuss gate placement I want to quickly go over how autocompensation tools work. Gate placement is a critical component in determining the outcome of an automated compensation tool. Yes, some of the tools do have automated gate placement, but that feature often fails to generate appropriate gates. The part that is often overlooked is that automated compensation tools are not fully automated – they require users to subjectively set gates on positive and negative cells within each control. In this post I’d like to demonstrate that poor controls are not always the cause. Why is it difficult to get accurate results from automated tools? The only explanation that I’ve heard from the flow cytometry experts is that suboptimal results are caused by poor quality compensation controls. However, people often struggle to get good results from the automated compensation tools and will turn to manual compensation to fix any errors. When calculating compensation, automated tools are the gold standard. For more tips on spectral unmixing specifically, see this video. It saves you time, and generally provides better results. Learn more about AutoSpill here.Įdit October 21, 2021: It should be noted that the tips for gate placement described in this post can be applied to spectral unmixing as well, just replace the term “compensation” with “unmixing”. In essence, AutoSpill uses iterations of linear regressions to get the best compensation or unmixing matrices, and removes the need for gating the positive and negative fractions of your controls. introduced AutoSpill, which resolved the gating issue raised in this blogpost. Edit January 19, 2023: The 2021 Nature paper by Carlos P. |
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